The Rectangular Survey System (RSS), also known as the Public Land Survey System (PLSS), is a systematic framework for land division and location, based on a network of orthogonal lines. It is a cornerstone in recording and documenting real estate ownership in large areas of the United States.
The scientific importance of the Rectangular Survey System lies in providing a unified and accurate reference framework for determining the geographic locations of land, reducing ambiguity and potential ownership disputes. This system is characterized by its ability to divide vast areas of land into smaller, more manageable units, facilitating sales, purchases, and real estate development. Furthermore, the system is based on precise mathematical and geometric foundations, ensuring high levels of accuracy and reliability in determining property boundaries.
This chapter aims to provide participants with a comprehensive understanding of the Rectangular Survey System, from basic concepts to practical applications. The focus will be on defining the different areas and divisions that make up the system, starting from Base Lines and Principal Meridians, through Townships and Sections, to Partial Sections.
The main components of the Rectangular Survey System, including Base Lines, Principal Meridians, Tier Lines, and Range Lines, are to be identified and defined. The division of land into Townships, Sections, and Partial Sections within the Rectangular Survey System will be explained. The numbering system for Townships and Sections, and how to use this system to locate a specific parcel of land, will be interpreted. The concept of Correction Lines and Guide Meridians and their role in addressing distortions resulting from the curvature of the Earth will be clarified. The concept of Government Lots and how to deal with them in the Rectangular Survey System will be understood. The Rectangular Survey System will be applied in describing real property, and understanding how to read and interpret these descriptions. The Geodetic Survey System and its role in providing accurate topographic maps of areas subject to the Rectangular Survey System will be identified.